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Reduction is a surgical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: ''re'' ("back (normal )") + ''ducere'' ("lead"/"bring"), ''i.e.'', "bringing back to normal." When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their normal anatomical position. Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by ''reduction'' of the displacement. ''Reduction'' could be by "closed" or "open" methods. * ''Open reduction'' refers to the method wherein the fracture fragments are exposed surgically by dissecting the tissues. * ''Closed reduction'' refers to manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments. Because the process of reduction can briefly be intensely painful, it is commonly done under a short-acting anaesthetic, sedative, or nerve block. Once the fragments are reduced, the ''reduction'' is maintained by application of casts, traction or held by plates, screws, or other implants which may in turn be external or internal. It is very important to verify the accuracy of reduction by clinical tests and x-ray, especially in the case with joint dislocations. ==References== * * (primary source) * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reduction (orthopedic surgery)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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